The scalar product of two vectors a and b, denoted a · b, is defined as | a | | b | cos θ.

The scalar product of two vectors a = xi + yj + zk and b = pi + qj + wk, denoted a · b, is defined as xp + yq + zw.

If two vectors a and b intersect at an angle of θ, then cosθ = a · b/| a | | b | where a · b is the scalar product of vectors a and b.

If two vectors a and b intersect at an angle of θ, then cosθ = a · b/|a| |b| where a · b is the scalar product of vectors a and b.