At equilibrium, the concentrations of the products and reactants will be constant but not equal. Kc is the equilibrium constant, expressing these equilibrium concentrations combined.

aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD

Equilibrium constants can be explained in terms of partial pressures of gases, Kp. It can be expressed from the equation for a reversible reaction.

aA + bB ⇌ cC + dD

Rate equations describe the rate of reaction in terms of concentration and order of the reaction with respect to each reactant. The rate constant k varies depending on the reaction.

The rate of a chemical reaction can be increased by increasing temperature, increasing reactant concentration, increasing the surface area of solid reactants or the use of catalysts. There are a number of ways we can determine the rate of reaction experimentally.

The rate constant for a reaction various with temperature and activation energy. This is shown by the Arrhenius equation.

1

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How can the equilibrium constant of a system at equilibrium be altered?

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2

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For an equilibrium, where 1.3 x 10⁻² mol l⁻¹ of 2SO₂ is reacted with 2 x 10⁻² mol l⁻¹ O₂ to make 4.75 x 10⁻⁴ mol l⁻¹ 2SO₃, calculate Kc.

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3

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Give the expression for Kp.

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4

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Calculate the partial pressure of each component in an equilibrium system at 75 atm with reactant A mole fraction 0.38, reactant B mole fraction 0.61 and product C mole fraction 0.24.

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5

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Give the expression for Kp for the Haber Process where the reactants are N₂ and 3H₂ and the product is 2NH₃.

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6

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What would the units of a second order rate constant be?

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7

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If the rate of reaction goes from 1.3 mol l⁻¹ s⁻¹ to 5.2 mol l⁻¹ s⁻¹ as the NH₃ concentration is doubled, what is the order of reaction with respect to NH₃?

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8

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Calculate rate constant k when the initial rate of reaction is 4.35 × 10⁻³ mol l⁻¹ s⁻¹ for a reaction between a second order reactant A at concentration 0.20 mol l⁻¹ and a first order reactant B at concentration 0.35 mol l⁻¹.

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9

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What are the units of the rate constant for a third order reaction?.

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10

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What is the gradient of a graph plotted of lnK = lnA - EA/RT?

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